Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education

The 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education ended with a Supreme Court decision that helped lead to the desegregation of schools throughout America. Prior to the ruling, African-American children in Topeka, Kansas were denied access to all-white schools due to laws allowing for separate but equal facilities. The idea of separate but equal was given legal standing with the 1896  Supreme Court  ruling in  Plessy v. Ferguson. This doctrine required that any separate facilities had to be of equal quality. However, the plaintiffs in Brown v. Board of Education successfully argued that segregation was inherently unequal.   Case Background In the early 1950s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) brought class action lawsuits against school districts in several states, seeking court orders that would require the districts to allow black children to attend white schools. One of these suits was filed against the board of education in Topeka, Kansas, on behalf of Oliver Brown, a parent of a child who was denied access to white schools in the Topeka school district. The original case was tried in a district court and was defeated on the grounds that the black schools and white schools were sufficiently equal and therefore segregated schooling in the district was protected under the Plessy decision. The case was then heard by the Supreme Court in 1954, along with other similar cases from around the country, and it became known as Brown v. Board of Education. The chief council for the plaintiffs was Thurgood Marshall, who later became the first black Justice appointed to the Supreme Court. Brown’s Argument The lower court that ruled against Brown focused on comparisons of basic facilities offered in both the black and white schools of the Topeka school district. By contrast, the Supreme Court case involved a much more in-depth analysis, looking at the effects that the different environments had on the students. The Court determined that segregation led to lowered self-esteem and a lack of confidence that could affect a child’s ability to learn. It found that  separating students by race sent the message to black students that they were inferior to white students and therefore schools serving each race separately could never be equal.   The Significance ofBrown v. Board of Education The  Brown  decision was truly significant because it overturned the separate but equal doctrine established by the Plessy decision. While previously the 13th Amendment to the  Constitution  was interpreted so that equality before the law could be met through segregated facilities, with  Brown  this was no longer true. The  14th Amendment  guarantees equal protection under the law, and the Court ruled that separate facilities based on race were ipso facto unequal. Compelling Evidence One piece of evidence that greatly influenced the Supreme Court decision was based on research  performed by two educational psychologists, Kenneth, and Mamie Clark. The Clarks presented children as young as 3 years old with white and brown dolls. They found that overall the children rejected the brown dolls when asked to pick which dolls they liked the best, wanted to play with, and thought were a nice color. This underlined the inherent inequality of a separate educational system based on race.

Microeconomics Ice Cream Analysis - 2638 Words

ECO 201 : Microeconomics Research Paper The Unilever Group Ben and Jerry’s Homemade Inc. Ice Cream June 9, 2011 Deborah Minassian ECO 201 : Microeconomics Research Paper The Unilever Group Ben and Jerry’s Homemade Inc. Ice Cream June 9, 2011 Deborah Minassian Abstract Ben Jerry’s Homemade, Inc. has been in business since 1978. Approximately 40% of the world s frozen dairy desserts, 5.6 billion liters per year, are manufactured at more than 450 U.S. ice cream plants. This makes the United States the largest producer of ice cream and related products in the world. With the world s largest milk supply, an abundance of land, and investments in research development, U.S. frozen dairy dessert production has remained†¦show more content†¦If all exchange rates remained equal they would have reported a decline in profit of 1.0% which is a result of the world economies. The Unilever Group’s report on ice cream stated that they saw volume growth and share gains in most markets. Specifically they saw a strong performance in Western Europe, Mexico, Indonesia and Australia. Much of this growth was due to the Magnum Gold acquisition and the marketing of this product in these markets. Product quality improvements helped their Klondike line achieve strong results in the U.S.A. The Unilever Group maintained a negative price growth in ice cream. The negative price growth reflected slightly lower gross margins, at constant currency, with commodity costs higher. According to Market Line a leading business information company, in 2007, the companies with the largest shares in the ice cream business was Unilever, Nestle and General Mills. The breakdown is as follows: This chart demonstrates the amount of market share Unilever had among its competitors during 2007. Competitive Advantage Although Ben and Jerry’s is owned by a large international corporation, company s mission statement continues to describe what Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield started in an old gas station: A social mission to operate the company in such a way that a concern for the global community is calculated in corporateShow MoreRelatedMicroeconomics ( Short Written Response ) Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesany other file format please discuss this with your lecturer well before the assignment submission date. Student Name: Sumit Sharma Student ID No.: 22654049 Unit Name: ECONOMICS AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Unit Code: ECO82001 Tutor’s name: Badri Bhattrai Assignment No.: 2 Assignment Title: MICROECONOMICS ( SHORT WRITTEN RESPONSE) Due date: 5,DEC,2016 Date submitted: 5,DEC,2016 Declaration: I have read and understand the Rules Relating to Awards (Rule 3 Section 18 – Academic Misconduct IncludingRead MoreSavoury Ice Cream Pr Brief3268 Words   |  14 Pagesstatement We are the Skyline consultancy and the Savoury Ice Cream campaign is designed and planned by:....... Our client is Bill and Joey’s (â€Å"BJ†), a newly formed British company who are planning to produce a savoury ice cream product for the UK market. Executive summary The skyline consultancy has been asked to plan a campaign for the BJ Company which will be launching a range of savoury ice cream in the UK. We will carry out market analysis which identifies the target market, followed by theRead MoreFrost Gelato Shoppe Europe : An Italian Inspired Ice Cream / Gelato Business2120 Words   |  9 PagesFrost Gelato Shoppe Europe is an Italian inspired ice cream/gelato business which is located in Tucson, Arizona, USA. It is steered under the leadership of co-founders Jeffrey Kaiserman and Stephen Ochoa, alongside their 22 years experienced gelato master chef, Nazario Melchiondia (Orr, 2009). Over the years the business has flourished resulting in the opening of new shops, including franchises that have been established in Kuwait and US states such as Chicago and Phoenix (Villarreal, P, 2011). MoreRead MoreAshford ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics1078 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CLICK TO DOWNLOAD Ashford ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics Week 1 Discussion 1: Circular Flow Diagram. Explain how the circular flow diagram relates to the current economic situation. Using the circular flow diagram, explain a way that your family interacts in the factor market and a way that it interacts in the products market. Discussion 2: Supply and Demand. Analyze how the law of demand applies to a recent purchase that you made. Describe how the product has changed in price and explainRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Wensley ( And Nestle )1067 Words   |  5 PagesSwitzerland The most important figures Peter Brabeck-Eetmat (Chairman) Paul Bolekh (Chief Executive Officer) Number of employees 276 050 (2007) Industry Food Industry Products baby food, coffee, dairy products, confectionery, bottled water, ice cream, food animals Revenue ââ€" ² US $ 121.103 Billion (2007) Web site Nestle.com The history of the company The beginning of the company was in 1860 when a pharmacist Henri Nestle developed a special food for infants achieved great success when the recipeRead MoreNegative Externalities And The Effect On The Perception Of A Student At Cal State Dominguez Hills And Why It Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pageseffect. If the impact on the bystander is contrary, it is called a negative externality, on the other hand, if it is beneficial, it is called a positive externality. I will explain how microeconomic tools and materials we have covered this semester apply towards externalities and then follow on to its historical analysis. Then I will take it back to the role of the government with externalities which will then lead to how externalities are relevant in my daily life as a student at Cal State DominguezRead MoreMicroeconomic Analysis Questionnaire2929 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿BEO2264 MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS TUTORIAL QUESTIONS TOPIC 1 Question 1 (a) Discuss how microeconomic theory can help to explain the effects of lowering the minimum wage for teenage employees in the retail industry (b) How is the usefulness of a theory evaluated (c) â€Å"Observation without theory and theory without observation are equally useless in explaining the complexities of the real world†. Discuss. Question 2 (a) Distinguish between positive analysis and normative analysis. (b)Read MoreEcomonic Study and Market Analysis of Jollibee Food Corporation3262 Words   |  14 PagesECONOMIC STUDY AND MARKET ANALYSIS OF JOLLIBEE FOODS CORPORATION JOLLIBEE FOODS CORPORATION: A COMPANY OVERVIEW Jollibee Foods Corporation is one of the biggest known fast-food companies in the Philippines. Jollibee is a dominant market leader in the country that enjoys the biggest market share which is more than all the other multinational brands combined. Jollibee was founded by Tony Tan and his family with its humble beginnings as an Ice Cream Parlor which later grew into an emerging globalRead More Ethnographic study at McDonalds Essay2112 Words   |  9 Pageshandle the orders. Despite that, she was friendly and with a smile on the face to welcome the customers. The most common food they offered - popular to the customers - involved hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, French Fries, shakes, nuggets, rice and ice creams. After I paid and took my order, I looked around and there was an empty table in the corner. The tables and the floor were cleaned as soon as a customer leaves. I noticed a small group of young boys and girls entering in the McDonalds’ shop. TheyRead MoreAdvanced Placem ent Microeconomics23462 Words   |  94 PagesAdvanced Placement Microeconomics Instructor, Mrs. Peggy Pride Study Notes to accompany Economics Principles, Problems and Policies, 15th Ed. Campbell McConnell Stanley Brue AP MICROECONOMICS SEMESTER PLAN Instructor, Mrs. Peggy Pride TEXT: Economics, Principles, Problems and Policies, 15th Edition, McConnell and Brue Video: Econ U$A series with discussion Class Activities: APIP workbook activities, reinforcement and writing activities and other teacher-developed materials This semester-long

Dental Caries Free Essays

What is dental caries and how can it be prevented? Dental caries is a disease which infects the hard tissues (enamel, dentin, and cementum) of the teeth, it can also be known as cavity or tooth decay. This disease leads to holes that destroy the structure of the teeth that are also known as cavities. It usually comes from food that has accumulated on the surface of the tooth. We will write a custom essay sample on Dental Caries or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bacteria mostly responsible in causing dental cavities are known as mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. By not treating this disease a person could be subjected to infection, pain, and eventually tooth loss. It is also one of the most common dental diseases around the world. There are two causes of dental caries known as primary and secondary. The primary causes are bacteria that lives in the mouth, then it is the sugars that have been revealed to be the worst in relation to causing dental caries called sucrose, even though other sugars may play an active role, and lastly there is the number of acids produced by the actions of playa bacteria on sugar, but the most significant one is called lactic acid. The secondary cause is bad oral hygiene. Unbalanced nutrition, especially the lack of iron, calcium, and phosphorus from food are also included in the secondary cause. A person will be subjected to symptoms like pain and tooth decay. It depends on how decayed the tooth is as too the extreme of pain the person may feel. A small hole in the tooth, being sensitive to cold and hot food or beverages, bad breath known as halitosis, swelling of the gums, and facial swelling are also known symptoms of dental caries. In efforts of preventing dental caries a person could take oral hygiene such as proper brushing and flossing daily serious. Brushing helps keep plaque from building on the teeth and flossing does as well but it also helps remove leftover food that the toothbrush cannot reach or leaves behind. There are proper ways of brushing and flossing in which a person should use in efforts of getting the results they need and want, these can be taught by a dentist. Fluoride is another preventive measure that is used it helps build a strong resistance to tooth decay. The main purpose of fluoride in dental plaques is thought to be that it inhibits the initial elimination of enamel and promotes elimination of early lesions. Most researchers consider the fluoride in toothpaste to be the most effective in trying to control dental caries. The two principal topical mechanisms in fluoride are inhibiting bacterial metabolism and demineralization. However, using too much fluoride could cause white or areas of colors on teeth, and even fluoride poisoning. Nutrition is also used as a prevention against dental caries. Limiting your snack intake is recommended because snacking builds a continuous supply of nutrition for acid-creating bacteria. Eating foods that are sticky and chewy, for example candy or dried fruit), stick to the teeth longer and as a consequence, are best eaten at mealtime. Brushing the teeth is always recommended after all meals. It has been recommended that parents not give infants their bottles while sleeping and limit the amount of drinks they consume that are full of sugars. There are treatments for dental caries that can help prevent tooth damage from leading to cavities. The treatment depends on the condition, for instance at the onset a person could be given antibiotics but as it worsens tooth fillings, crowns, and root canals can be used. References http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tooth_infections How to cite Dental Caries, Essay examples

Mentioned Provides Consistent Governance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Mentioned Provides Consistent Governance? Answer: Introducation As the Essendon FC Board Member, I think the reported allegations to doping pose a significant risk to the public image of the football club. To start with, it is a risk to the financial status of the club considering the charges and sanctions imposed under the anti-doping code. Besides, institutions that fund and sponsor the club may withdraw their financial funding support from the club due to ethical considerations of relationship with Essendon. This would pose management challenges to club considering the club requires financial assistance to run its activities. Secondly, the club is at the risk of public scrutiny across the media. The issue of doping by the club relayed on several media will raise concerns to the public and more questions with regards to doping behaviors. Lastly, the club faces the risk of suspension during the investigation period, or if found guilty, the club may be facing a ban from participating in the national and international leagues. The board members ar e at the risk of facing sanctions and doping charges. The set regulations may impose fines to board members of the club for failing to abide by anti-doping laws. Also, the board members may be accused of poor governance and management which reduces the boards competitive edge in the sports industry. In essence, government intervention and control from regulatory bodies may strip off the board its power and rights to host and manage the club (essendonfc.com.au, 2013). While the Board appoints the Senior Coach, the Senior Coach reports to the CEO, who then reports to the Board. Le Grand claims that: As with everyone else in a position of authority at Essendon, he [Hird] could have done more to prevent what happened in 2012, as he has admitted since. To what extent do you agree with that statement? I tend to agree with the statement respecting Hird is a senior coach, and he has the responsibility of ensuring the welfare of the club particularly the players is maintained. Besides, he could have liaised with the CEO regarding the situation and important issues regarding the club governance. Consequently, as the senior coach and with his delegated responsibilities, he could have consulted the CEO and called out for a meeting with the board members to find an effective solution to the issue (essendonfc.com.au, 2013) Whose responsibility should it have been to check the credentials of staff employed in the sports science team, including Robinson and Dank? Nonetheless, the Club lacks a human resource department, whereby the recruitment and staffing responsibilities are delegated to the senior coach and the CEO (Constitution of the Essendon Football Club, 2011). I believe a human resource department within the club could be useful in meeting the staffing needs. The Board members should delegate professional executives with human resource management experience to ensure hiring competent staff to manage the club. What role does the conflict between the goal of winning premierships and complying with the rules play in the culture of the Club and decisions made by the Board? The conflict of ensuring the club wins in the premiership level and complying with the rules leads to the existing problems that result in the senior coach and fitness manager in ensuring the players get bigger through the supplement program. The culture of the club and decisions made by the board members are affected by the conflict considering the contingent issues arising from violating the AFL rules in club management (Esssendon Football Club Annual Report 2012, 2012). What role could or should the Board have played to prevent this situation from arising? The Board should have played a significant role in dealing with the issue at early stages and preventing further problems. The Board should have held meetings on a regular basis with the coach, CEO, and players to ensure a memorandum of understanding within the club. The board could have formulated a job description for the senior coach and the CEO to ensure the responsibilities of every personnel are well stipulated. Does the CEO bear ultimate responsibility? Could tightening up expenditure approvals through financial delegations; accountability and reporting, have prevented this situation from arising? Considering the Essendon case, the CEO was delegated with the almost full responsibility for controlling and managing the club; the CEO bears ultimate responsibility in the club(Constitution of the Essendon Football Club, 2011). I agree that tightening up expenditure approvals through financial delegations; accountability and reporting would have prevented the situation from arising. The solution as mentioned earlier provides consistent governance and delegation of duties ensuring that every individual is accountable for their actions. References Constitution of the Essendon Football Club. (2011). [pdf] Australian Football League. Available at: https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/Essendon/Images/EssendonFC-Constitution-Dec-11.pdf [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Essendonfc.com.au. (2013).Dr. Ziggy Switkowski report - essendonfc.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.essendonfc.com.au/news/2013-05-06/dr-ziggy-switskowski-report [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Essendonfc.com.au. (2013).Evans, Robson Hird press conference - essendonfc.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.essendonfc.com.au/video/2013-02-05/evans-robson-hird-press-conference [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Esssendon Football Club Annual Report 2012. (2012). [pdf] Essendon Football Club. Available at:https://www.essendonfc.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/Essendon/Images/EFC_annual_report_2012.pdf [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017].

Analyzing Crispin free essay sample

The Cross of Lead is a book written in 2002 by an author that goes by the name of Avi and published in the United States of America. The story is set in 14th century England. It starts out in the small village of Stromford where Crispin’s mother, Asta, has just died. No one is there to mourn the death of Crispin’s mother except for Crispin and Father Quinel, the village priest. Crispin does not even know his own name. He is only known as Asta’s son, until Father Quinel tells him that his name is Crispin. Crispin overhears something that he is not supposed to hear and is forced to flee Stromford. At thirteen years old Crispin is declared a wolves head by the steward, John Aycliffe and is on the run for his life. While Crispin is on the run, he encounters a man that goes by the name of Bear. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing Crispin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bear takes Crispin in and tries to help him on his journey to freedom. I believe this book has won awards because of its historical content. It helps the reader to see how different things were for people that came before them. Avi did an accurate job of making the reader feel as if they were in the middle ages with Crispin and the many other peasants struggling to survive. It is interesting to see how much has changed over the years, because â€Å"the rules of life in the fourteenth centenary are so radically different from today that you have create a context that is understandable†(305). Things are much different for American children reading this book; they will most likely never have to endure the suffering and struggles that Crispin did. Crispin is the main character and the protagonist in the story. In the beginning of the story Crispin does not expect much out of life. He is passive, unnamed, uneducated and takes what ever comes at him because he expects no different for his life. He is a peasant who even has no name. He is only known as Asta’s son. Crispin believes that there is nothing that he can do to change the course of his life because this is just how his life is, he â€Å"live(s) the life of the shunned, forever cast aside†(13). Crispin’s mother dies and he is left all alone. Crispin is an outcast and has felt different, even ashamed, all of his life. Crispin feels that â€Å"it was as if [he] contained an unnamed sin that made [him] less than nothing† (2). Crispin does not know why he feels this way. This feeling that Crispin has is foreshadowing of the secret that he has noble blood running in his veins. Towards the end of the story Crispin finds out who he is and what he is meant to be. He knows that he is the illegitimate son of Lord Furnival. He is not a peasant but someone who has royal blood running through his body. Crispin knows that ‘â€Å"what ever noble blood there is in [him], is only poison†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (247). Crispin is a religious person. He remembers to say his prayers no matter what is happening in his life. He obviously learned that from his mother who taught him what she felt would help him in his life. Crispin’s only friend after his mother dies is Father Quinel. Father Quinel is the only person that knows of Crispin’s name and true identity, which makes it so disturbing, although not shocking, that Crispin finds him lying on the ground with his throat slit open. Having Crispin’s only friend, a priest, found dead is a way of showing that Crispin feels, even for a moment, that Jesus has forsaken him. At the end of the story Crispin knows that because of this royal blood that he has had to live a harsh life. He wants nothing to do with this way of life. This is the life that killed all the people that he cared about. He now knows that he can have freedom and a better way of life. â€Å"What’s more, [Crispin] knew that feeling to be [his] newfound soul, a soul that lived in freedom† (297). Crispin has found purpose and joy in his life from growing and understanding that he has a right to have happiness in his life. He does not have to be a product of his environment. The author is trying to communicate that there is good and bad in all of human nature. As Bear recalls, â€Å"There is more than simple nature residing in my soul, there is bad and good† (111). There is no way to know what or who you will become. There are paths and choices that are made throughout life. In this story the author shows that one can find strength in places that are least expected. When Crispin first runs into Bear, they are not friends; Crispin is actually scared of Bear. Bear makes Crispin swear to be his servant and then tells him â€Å"Now you are mine, or God will chew you up and spit you out like the living filth all wolf’s heads are† (82). As the relationship goes on, Bear and Crispin become friends. Crispin learns from Bear and becomes his equal. Another theme in the book is that it does not matter who you are at this moment in time, you can always change and be the person that you want to be. This is especially the case with Crispin and John Aycliffe. At the beginning of the book Crispin is scared of John Aycliffe and is unable to even look him in the eyes because he felt less than. Crispin recalls, â€Å"It was always hard for me to look on others. To look on John Aycliffe was hardest of all† (3). The end of the book transforms Crispin into someone that has power in who he is. He no longer fells shame or less than. Crispin is able to stand up to John Aycliffe by â€Å"summoning all of [his] strength, [he] drew the blade against his neck† (277). Crispin has been changed by his own choices into someone who believes that he can make a difference in his own destiny. The author, Avi, is able to let the reader know the story’s setting by making â€Å"ENGLAND, A. D. 377† (1), the first line that is read at the top of page one. Another way that the author lets the reader know where and when the story is set is by the imagery and dialect that is used. Avi describes castles, lords, stewards and serfs. Crispin was not a free man and â€Å"the steward, John Aycliffe, never lost an opportunity to remind us of the fact that we were villeins †“ serfs bound to Furnival, Lord of Stromford Village† (14). The story moves throughout England as Crispin and Bear make their way from village to village. The book is told from in the first person, from Crispin’s point of view. Crispin has a lot of historical content in it. It is a captivating book. Avi is able to show the reader how different our lives are at this day in age, compared to 1377 in England. Times are not so harsh now as they were then, or maybe they are just harsh in different ways. It is important for children to read and see history through these types of stories. Avi did a good job of describing the scenes and show the reader what life might have been like for us if we had lived back in the time of Crispin. Work Cited Avi. Crispin: the Cross of Lead. New York: Hyperion For Children, 2002. Print.

Academic freedom in Australia Essays

Academic freedom in Australia Essays Academic freedom in Australia Essay Academic freedom in Australia Essay Academic freedom in Australia: a suzerain province? On 24 September, 2013 Deakin University became one of merely four Australian universities with a dedicated policy on academic freedom. The rules and doctrine of academic freedom have been long †¦ What is it about our universities that makes etc What is the province of dissent in Australian universities? This inquiry is surprisingly hard to reply. There is rather a batch of dissent expressed in both professional and public fora, with no troubles anticipated or encountered ; at the same clip, there is rather a batch of suppression and suppression of dissent. There are a figure of ways to near the issue. One attack is to look at policies and official statements about academic freedom. Martin 2002 ; 7 The right to rational freedom and the responsibility of universities non to interfere with that right is a difficult won and long held tradition and is recognised by the most Enterprise Agreements in Australian universities consequently. Academic and rational freedom in the university scene is a negative right or autonomy to print and pass on freely. This imposes a negative responsibility on the university - that is, a responsibility non to interfere in academic freedom of address. [ 1 ] In a study of all 39 Australian universities and their endeavor understandings in 2001, Jackson found that while about half made some mention to academic freedom in their understandings, approximately one tierce contained elaborate clauses on academic freedom. At one terminal of the study, the University of Adelaide understanding contained an extended academic freedom clause, associating academic freedom to professionalism and duty, at the other Deakin University had no academic freedom clause at all, along with half the universities in the state. Jackson observes, nevertheless, that the move to integrate some look of committedness to academic freedom had begun and that by 2003 both the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne had expansive clauses recognizing academic freedom, the latter committing to defending the academic freedom of all staff and pupils to prosecute in critical enquiry, rational discourse and public contention without fright or favour. [ 2 ] As Jackson indicates, endeavor understandings were non the lone beginning of committedness to the dogmas of academic freedom, with a figure of establishments enshrining it in codifications of behavior. In 2001, the Southern Cross UniversityCode of Conductwent every bit far as showing academic freedom as a warrant: The University shall: ( a ) Guarantee academic freedom of both enquiry and look provided such enquiry and look does non conflict applicable State or Commonwealth statute law ( such as calumny and privateness Torahs ) and provided that if differences arise, the University s difference declaration patterns are observed. [ 3 ] Since August, 2012 the Southern Cross University appears to hold resiled from such a warrant. While the university’s newCode of Conductupholds the right of its staff to take part and freely prosecute in public argument, it does so with considerable making. Such engagement must now associate directly to the academic or other specialized capable country of an employee’s country of expertness, the officer may utilize the University’s name and reference and give the rubric of his or her University assignment in order to set up his or her credentials. [ 4 ] In relation to public remark, most of the universities cited in contained clauses that sought a balance between the right to academic freedom and a duty to show that freedom within the bounds of academic expertness and without bias to the university. Griffith University’sCode of Conductprovinces: This Code does non take away from the academic freedom of staff of the University. As a staff member you are encouraged to prosecute critical and unfastened enquiry and engage in constructive unfavorable judgment on affairs of public concern within your country of expertise. [ 5 ] This is the tenor of the diction in most understandings citing academic freedom and In 2012 all but two Australian universities - the University of Notre Dame and the University of Southern Queensland - have substantial clauses of rational freedom. The jurisprudence associating to academic freedom in Australia In a landmark instance in February 2001, a University of Wollongong academic Ted Steele was summarily dismissed for talking out against ( what he claimed were ) falling criterions due to the soft marking’ he was instructed to use by university disposal. In the Steele Case’ , the University was pursued to the Federal Court for unjust dismissal by the National Tertiary Education Union ( NTEU ) . The full bench of the Federal Court ruled in Steele’s favour the undermentioned twelvemonth and the faculty member was reinstated ( before making a colony with the university ) . While the argument around academic freedom had in fact raged diversely throughout the state during the 50 old ages prior, the Steele instance became a landmark in the defense mechanism of academic freedom in Australia and, significantly, a trial for how a dismissal, perceived as an onslaught on academic freedom and free address, can backlash on a university disposal. [ 6 ] Following the Steele instance, the NTEU escalated its lobbying of the Commonwealth authorities to present legislative protection for academic freedom for Australian universities. This instance - and a figure of abuses on academic freedom Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ( SSCEEWR ) Inquiry into Academic Freedom in the 2nd half of 2008 In Australia, the Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ( SSCEEWR ) conducted an Inquiry into Academic Freedom in the 2nd half of 2008. The enquiry had been established in the deceasing yearss of the Coalition-controlled Senate in late June 2008. On 4 December the Inquiry released its study. A study of such an enquiry normally has the same rubric as the Inquiry itself. In a intimation of its findings, this study bears the rubric Allegations of academic prejudice in universities and schools’ ( SSCEEWR 2008 ) . Gelber 2008 The NTEU re-defined rational freedom to include: the rights of all staff and pupils of higher instruction establishments to take part in determination devising procedures and constructions within their establishment, including the right to show sentiments about the operations of that establishment and higher instruction policy more generally. [ 7 ] Macquarie University Jackson makes the of import point that while a codification is non contractual an statement might be made that a codification making or attesting positive rights such as academic freedom would make an estoppel †¦ . Damaging trust by an academic on the codification would do it conscienceless for the university to disregard the statements in the code. [ 8 ] This instance - inter alia - and serious lobbying by the NTEU precipitated a move by the so Labor Government to amend theHigher Education Support Act 2003in 2011.The amendments were to include expressed mention in its objects to the publicity and protection of free rational enquiry in acquisition, instruction and research and to bind support of universities to a committedness to have policy upholding free rational enquiry in relation to acquisition, instruction and research ( s.19.115 ) . The Act now requires all higher instruction suppliers to conform to the amendments ( s.19.115 of the Act ) in order to run into the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency ( TEQSA ) ’s supplier enrollment criterions for continued support. Academic freedom and Victorian universities A study of Victoria’s eight universities by the Deakin University Policy Office indicates all have in topographic point endeavor understandings incorporating commissariats for rational freedom. These commissariats are translated diversely to other policy places across the universities. All but the University of Melbourne contain their in agreement statements on academic freedom within their Media policies. The University of Melbourne addresses the issue of academic freedom within a specific policy on Academic Freedom of Expression. RMIT University, Monash University and Deakin University provide for academic freedom in both their media policies and codifications of behavior. All but the University of Melbourne contain a statement back uping academic freedom with the caution that such freedom must be exercised within an academic’s country of expertness. The universities vary in their application of limitations on other facets of communicating from within the university. The University of MelbourneAcademic Freedom of Expressionpolicy goes good beyond the commissariats of its endeavor understanding, saying obviously the express right of all bookmans at the University to seek for truth and to keep and show diverse opinions. It stresses that such look should be robust and uninhibited and recognises besides that bookmans are entitled to show their thoughts and sentiments even when making so may do offence. The University of MelbourneAcademic Freedom of Expressionpolicy does do a statement of academic duty but without prohibition. The policy stresses that scholars may keep their ain positions and talk freely on all subjects, even outside their expertness, and even placing themselves as members of the University. The policy requests merely that faculty members express themselves reasonably and in good faith and that discourse entered into should be in accord with the rules of academic and research moralss, where applicable. The policy concludes: The University recognises that these rules may change harmonizing to the context in which the discourse occurs. The University of Melbourne Collective Agreement 2010 captures rational freedom merely in its cardinal rules, but is already more expansive than any other Australian university: Intellectual freedom means the freedom of academic staff, and, to the extent consistent with their employment duties and function, professional staff, to prosecute in critical enquiry, rational discourse and public contention without fright or favor, but does non include the right to hassle, intimidate or vilify. Mentions Griffith University. Code of Conduct. hypertext transfer protocol: //policies.griffith.edu.au/pdf/Code % 20of % 20Conduct.pdf. Jackson, J.G. Express Rights to Academic Freedom in Australian Public University Employment. Southern Cross University Law Review 9 ( 2005 ) : 107-45. Martin, Brian. Dilemmas of Defending Dissent: The Dismissal of Ted Steele from the University of Wollongong. The Australian Universities Review 45, no. 2 ( 2002 ) : 7-17. National Tertiary Education Union. NTEU Submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Inquiry into Whistle-Blower Protections within the Australian Government Public Sector. Canberrra: National Tertiary Education Union. , 2008. Southern Cross University. Code of Conduct. hypertext transfer protocol: //policies.scu.edu.au/view.current.php? id=00030 # maj13. 1

What does it mean to be a preacher and what is preaching in today's Essay

What does it mean to be a preacher and what is preaching in today's - Essay Example .You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8). The hundreds and multitudes following after Jesus reveal a great model to the disciples to reach the people in ministry. Craddock (1985) illustrated the receiving of call for preaching and the mode of preaching from past through medieval and the explains the changing paradigm of gospel preaching and the necessity for shouted from the Housetop (p.60). Jesus preached in the towns and villages all across Israel, serving a variety of needs of the people. During His ministry on earth, He not only just preached but also manifested His intention to establish the ‘Kingdom of God’, where a Human being can experience the Devine abundance by raising above the problems of this physical world? Preaching’s of Jesus Christ manifested such revelation of the Devine Kingdom through miracles, signs and wonders. The basic needs of the human life were fulfilled through the sermons and His presence. The hungry were fed, sick were healed, people in bondages were delivered, Dead were raised, people were comforted and added into the kingdom of God opening their spiritual eyes. The necessity of such a multi fold ministry is still increased with the increasing needs of the society. Tubbs Tisdale (1997), recognized the same fundamental preaching of the communities, which moves them- that speaks to them on a deep and personal level about matters of faith and life. ( p 4). A modern concept of "preaching" may bring to mind a picture of a man standing behind a pulpit with a congregation of people in front of him. If sound were added to the picture the preachers voice would fluxuate and at times he would make gestures with his hands. His effectiveness as a preacher would often be judged by his ability to hold his audiences attention. We find a different picture presented in Acts 8:26-39. Philip’s preaching to an official from Ethiopia, who is reading aloud from the

Safety and Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Safety and Risk Management - Essay Example It employs over 10Â  000 people worldwide with a number of modern development and manufacturing facilities. All these facilities, along with the extensive network of trading and marketing units have enabled the Company to effectively penetrate the world’s pharmaceutical market, as well as to offer one of the broadest product portfolios, including over 1200 products either in the market, or under development stage and pending registration (Actavis Group, 2008). The Company’s branch, which is object of the audit, is comprised of two manufacturing facilities at the cutting edge of pharmaceutical production, storages and administrative offices. For several years, the Company has been conducting Corporate EHS audits similar to ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards, and recently acquired an OHSAS 18001 certificate. OHSAS 18001 Overview and Company’s Assessment OHSAS 18001 is an international occupational health and safety specification intended to help with the control over occupational hazards and risks, and covers all organisation’s employee – both full- and part-time, subcontractors and suppliers, visitors, organisation’s own facilities and equipment, as well as rented or borrowed facilities and equipment (Eighty 20 Consulting, n.d.). ... The degree of compliance with OHSAS 18001 requirements, in this particular case, is being assessed using a scale of 0 to 1, namely 0, 0.5, and 1 as a top grade (SGS Bulgaria ltd, 2007). After assessments of seven issues referring to OHSAS 18001’s Clause 4.2, which deals with the policy compliance, the following findings are available (DNV Certification Inc., 2008): The Company’s branch policy is in line with the corporate policy, which is placed on the intranet and communicated to all managers. The commitment to continual improvement is contained in Company’s EHS Policy. The commitment required to comply at least with current applicable Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) legislation is being stated that it will be in accordance with the local regulations. The Company’s policy is documented and implemented but not document-controlled. It has been stated within an uncontrolled document, as well as in part on intranet and posted in canteen. EHS brief is bein g conducted. The policy is available to all interested parties via HR&PR Manager. There is no document control found in regard to the requirement for periodic review of the policy (BSI Management Systems, n.d.). The overall score attained according to the abovementioned scale of assessment is 4 out of the maximum possible 7, which is 57.1 % compliance. Several recommendations appear useful in order to be reached a higher level of compliance: the policy must be a controlled document and an agreement should be made on whether the corporate or site policy is to be used or issued; the policy should be clarified within the corporate and site policy structure and all employees should be provided with a copy of that policy, whether at recruitment or amendment stage. The

The protection of biodiversity involves a multi-pronged approach in Essay

The protection of biodiversity involves a multi-pronged approach in response to numerous threats, challenges and pressures. Desc - Essay Example Canada has identified several endangered species from its rich diversity. These species include the polar bear, the spotted owl, boreal woodland caribou, pearly caribou and the kidney shell. These are just some of the species that are listed as endangered and many Canadian environmentalists argue that there are many more. These species face many threats ranging from climatic changes to human induced activities. The population of the polar bear for instance is on a declining trend because of climatic changes and increased hunting and persecution by man in Canada. Similar threats face other endangered species and to reverse the situation, the Canadian government has enforced multi-prong approaches to preserve and conserve the species. The first approach is listing and identification of the endangered species, recovery strategies, action planning, and protection of their habitats in addition to indentifying safety nets for protection. Two agencies namely Committee on the Status of the E ndangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and federal government through SARA (Species at Risk Act) are responsible for listing and indentifying the endangered species. This is followed by identifying the habitat of the endangered species with an objective of preserving it from being lost. Venter, et al (2006) indentified habitat loss as the main factor that has contributed to decline of species in the country.

Uses Of Computer Technology In Education

Uses Of Computer Technology In Education Education is an astronomically important factor in life for everyone. An educated person has the ability to make practical decisions. Education not only enables individuals to put their potential to the best use and do something productive in the upcoming future, but also plays a main role in shaping an individual to be a better, responsible citizen and an active member of society. The latest and most advanced education is assisted by technology. All education levels across nations are embracing technology based education. There are studies, professors, students, and others who support the embrace, yet others, who read negative statistics, are against it. It is understandable why there are people against technology in education, because there are downsides to it. In a perfect world there would be no negatives or downsides, but a perfect world does not exist. However, the pros outweigh the cons and so I believe education would be at its best with the aid of tech. Technology improves education for the students and the teachers who instruct it, and the tax payers who fund education. Technology aided education goes by dozens of terms, such as hybrid learning, technology-based learning (TBL), mixed learning, blended learning, online aided schooling, information technology (IT) for education, and distance learning. Whatever term it is, its learning simply described as mixing the use of modern technologies to enhance students learning experiences and curriculum requirements (Blended Learning Poised for Takeoff in Schools). A report recently released, identified six emerging models for blended learning, ranging from guided online instruction in the classroom to self-blended models where students take courses a la carte. They defined blended learning as any time a student learns at least in part at a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home and at least in part through online delivery with some element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace. The six models identified in the report included: the face-to-face driver model, in which a teacher in a traditional classroom instructs, while technological and online is available for additional instruction the rotation model, in which students move back and forth between online and classroom instruction the flex model in which the curriculum is delivered primarily through an online platform, with teachers providing onsite support the online lab approach, where an online course is delivered in a physical classroom or computer lab the self-blend is a model in which students choose on their own which courses they take online to supplement their schools offerings the online driver where the courses are primarily online and physical facilities are used only for extracurricular activities, required check-ins, or similar functions (Report: 6 Blended Learning Models Emerge). Education has come a long way since the one-room classrooms of former America: the evolution of education has come to the virtual world we currently reside in. It is unarguable that there is no generation as tech-savvy or at ease with the online environment than todays students who have grown up immersed in a virtual world. We exist in a generation where iPods, smart phones, and laptops have replaced notebook and pens, while inventions such as the Smart Board, LCD projectors, tutoring software, podcasts, video conferencing, and document cameras, among other education aiding tech, have been created for the educational setting (Chelley, 2007). Technology-based learning covers all learning done by electronic technology, including: Internet satellite broadcasts audio and video conferencing bulletin boards chat rooms Lance Dublin, a researcher of blended learning, said our generation is experiencing a kind of renaissance, with new technology prompting new thinking about how to enhance, extend, and enable learning and that technology and media are important for a students quality education, stating, new tools and technologies are opening up exciting new possibilities (Dublin, 2011). Many education facilities and programs have embraced the technological innovation of education. For example, free online public education is accessible for k-12 across the country. Colleges feel the pressure from competitor schools to offer quality online courses to their students. Some schools have made technological advances -and in rare cases completely adopted technology-based learning by offering online courses, funding classroom tech, and making the courses more tech and media friendly. Four States of the United States of America -Alabama, Florida, Michigan, and Idaho -require online courses from their high scho ol students (Board Approves Idaho Online Class Requirement). In Minnesota, school districts have thrown out the expensive, mass-produced, hardcopy textbooks for technology-friendly, online curriculum developed by their teachers on the web. The problems with hardcopy textbooks are that they are written to the requirements of Texas and California, the two biggest markets for the book publishers and can cost sixty-five dollars. That means a third of the books go unused in most states, plus they become outdated after only a decade. Buying new textbooks at least every ten years is very expensive, but if schools followed these districts examples the money saved would be unbelievable as one teacher puts it (Minn. Teachers Write Their Own Online Textbooks). Through the embrace already taken toward tech in the classroom it can be predicted that technology and education entwined is positively affecting education. In a study, most respondents believe that technology will become even more entwined into education learning. However, others hold opinion that blended learning is only a push for a technological advanced future without concern for the students quality of education. They argue that technology-based students are not excelling, but doing quite the opposite. They believe that there are not enough results to safely say that technology positively influences education. One teacher, who observed her schools effort to increase online instruction, said about the students, [the] poor kids are guinea pigs (Board Approves Idaho Online Class Requirement). However, Angiello Roanne, a professor who teaches online courses at Bergen Community College, New Jersey, analyzes one of the many studies done on internet influenced courses. She calls those who believe face to face education is the only way to teach traditionals. The key findings of the study are firstly, that students who took all or part of t heir classes online performed better, on average, than those taking the same course through traditional face-to-face instruction; and secondly, education combining online and face-to-face elements had a larger advantage relative to purely face-to-face instruction than did purely online instruction. It was also found that online learning is effective for all learner groups (Angiello, 2010). Another argument against blended education is the price that comes with it. It is true that all the new, shiny technology can put a hole in someones pocket, but its important to remember that in the long run the technology is paying for itself. Like the example of online textbooks, where they can be updated virtually, instead of buying new hardcopy textbooks every decade. Other opponents make claims that schools will replace teachers with computers and shift state taxpayer money to out-of-state companies to pay for the online curriculum and laptops. However, according to the article Achieving Effe ctive Learning Effects In The Blended Course: A Combined Approach Of Online Self-Regulated Learning And Collaborative Learning With Initiation students who become less dependent on instructors, even if their dependence on technology increases, are more likely to succeed with qualities that make them more independent (McFarlane, 2008). To address the shift of tax money to other states, the e-learning -electronically supported learning and teaching- market in North America is the fastest growing market, so money regulating throughout the states is beneficial for the nations economy (SulÄ iÄ , 2009). Education supported by technology is a topic that has caught the attention of many, and so this interest has developed the cause of many studies, usually performed by professors; and who knows better than professors on education? They first handedly see what the students need to succeed and how tech affects them in the classroom. Professors Pamela Lam and Sarbari Bordia completed an interview study model, concluded that e-learning, the term for TBL and computer-aided tools for education, offers a variety of advantages including, its flexibility in adapting to the educational needs of students, its cost effectiveness in opening educational opportunities to larger number of students, and its convenience in providing access to information (Lam, 2008). Dr. Chia-Wen conducted a study so that educators and education facilities would recognize the importance of technology integrated classes (Tsai, 2008). Four university professors wrote an article on blended learning. In it they stated, Bas ed on a growing body of knowledge, there is little doubt that computer and communication technologies can facilitate and enhance learning (Chelley, 2007). Blended learning creates the opportunity for educators, institutions, and students to attain their education beyond the walls of the classroom. Technological innovations have changed and benefited the way schools teach and students learn. In a 2008 survey, nearly two-thirds (63%) of the respondents voted that technology will have a major influence on teaching methods over the next five years. With those five years almost up, it is undeniable to say that technology has influenced education -and the next five years afterwards are only going to increases in technological advances in education. These technological changes will effectively change the skill-sets of the future workforce, as well as its approach to work in general. Its important to consider the question of what it will mean to be an educated person in the 21st century. Amy Lynch, who has studied Generation Y (individuals born between 1982 and 2001, also referred to as millenials), says that they are open to collaboration, have an enormous facility for multi-tasking, and are at ease with new technologies. Graduates are entering the workforce with high multi-sensory-p rocessing and technological abilities leaving employers expecting graduates to have accumulated most of the necessary technology skills before joining their organizations (Glenn, 2008). In the cases where schools require of their students to have taken blended learning classes to graduate, they say theyre giving their students the opportunity to have online experience for their rà ©sumà © and preparing them to succeed. Advocates for online and blended courses agree that the majority of todays workforce requires some sort of tech knowledge (Davis, 2008). Not only does the use of technology improve learning in the classroom, but it is essential to success after graduation. I understand how people would be against technology in education, because there are downsides to it. In a perfect world there would be no negatives or downsides, but, of course, a perfect world does not exist. However, the pros out weight the cons and so I believe education would be at its best with the aid of tech. People once asked if it was possible for students to learn from a distance, but now the question is how distance learning affects student outcomes. Since the use of computers the beliefs that distance learning was less effective than traditional learning has greatly decreased. Although e-learning has its drawbacks, it is the action that will help schools exceed. The majority of researches and studies support educational technology for students, and give evidence that it helps better their education. If education stays as it is currently, we are missing out on so much opportunity for improvement. The workforce and world in general will become more and more technology depen dent, yet graduated students may not have the skills and experience to be prepared for what awaits them after their education. The concept of blending learning is still evolving, but its potential is great and has proven itself to be effective. This important step in the evolution of education will not only benefit students in their learning, but also the students who are preparing to enter the workforce.

hangover helpers :: essays research papers

Hangover Helpers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article gives advice of remedies for a hangover. It explains what you can do before you drink; what to do while drinking; as well as suggestions for after you drink. Hangover symptoms may include headaches, nausea, diarrhea, tremors, and fatigue. Hangovers are generally more severe if you haven’t been getting enough water or sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before drinking, the advice that they listed was that you eat fatty foods, eat high- fiber foods, take vitamin C, and try hangover prevention formulas. Foods that are fatty or high in fiber help breakdown alcohol and absorb it, which keeps it from reaching the blood stream quickly. One of the hangover prevention formulas that were included suggested that you take an over - the- counter mixture of B vitamins and prickly pear extract. These help to fight stress and inflammation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While drinking, there are a number of things that were suggested. The first tip was that you avoid congeners. Congeners are compounds that give liquor it’s flavor and color. To avoid these compounds, one should buy lighter- colored, highly filtered alcohol. They may tend to be more expensive, but they can reduce your causes of getting a hangover. Other precautions to be aware of while consuming alcohol is to stick to one kind of drink, avoid carbonation, alternate with water, and to order onion soup gratinee. The reason behind this is that onions are high in sugar, which speeds the body’s metabolism and burns alcohol. Also, the cheese is dairy, which slows alcohol’s entry into the bloodstream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are finished drinking, you should drink lots of water because it cleans out your system. You should also drink fruit juices due to the fact that the fructose will restore a person’s blood sugar level. Other tips that were included was that one should: drink pedialyte, not drink bloody Mary's, eat bland carbohydrates, eat eggs, eat honey, try activated charcoal, try liver care, try milk thistle, try alka- seltzer morning relief, take anti inflammatory, and take Pepto- Bismol.